All VLS produced substantial higher luminance values in a well-luminated environment compared to the dark photographer′s room. The use of LED light significantly improved light production. Results: Substantial differences in luminance were detected between VLS. Methods: We measured light intensity from the mouth opening of a Laerdal intubation trainer comparing different direct and indirect VLS at three occasions, resembling optimal to less-than-optimal intubation conditions at the photographer′s dark room, in an operating theatre and outdoors in bright sunlight. We investigated illumination of the oral cavity by different videolaryngoscopes (VLS in a manikin model. Consequently, suboptimal illumination and laryngoscopy may lead to potential unwanted trauma to soft tissues of the pharyngeal mucosa. Videolaryngoscopes differ substantially in illumination of the oral cavity: A manikin studyĭirectory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)įull Text Available Background and Aims: Insufficient illumination of the oral cavity during endotracheal intubation may result in suboptimal conditions. Hence, they have immense potential in future breeding programs for the high-yielding hybrid development in cabbage. In overall, based on agro-morphological and molecular studies genotype RRMA, ZHA-2 and RCA were found most divergent. Dendrogram based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient constructed two major groups and eight sub-groups, which revealed substantial diversity among different CMS lines. High mean values of Shannon's Information index (0.62), expected (0.45) and observed (0.32) heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (0.35) depicted substantial polymorphism. In molecular study, a total of 58 alleles were amplified by 29 SSR primers, averaging to 2.0 alleles in each locus. Dendrogram based on 10 quantitative traits exhibited considerable diversity among different CMS lines and principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that net and gross head weight, and head length and width are the main components of divergence between 16 CMS lines of cabbage. Further, gross head weight (0.76), head length (0.60) and head width (0.83) revealed significant positive correlation with net head weight. The genotype, ZHA-2, performed better for most of the economically important quantitative traits. Agro-morphological characterization depicted considerable variations for different horticultural traits studied. Parkash, Chander Kumar, Sandeep Singh, Rajender Kumar, Ajay Kumar, Satish Dey, Shyam Sundar Bhatia, Reeta Kumar, RajĪ comprehensive study on characterization and genetic diversity analysis was carried out in 16 'Ogura'-based 'CMS' lines of cabbage using 14 agro-morphological traits and 29 SSR markers. 'Ogura'-based 'CMS' lines with different nuclear backgrounds of cabbage revealed substantial diversity at morphological and molecular levels. Translated abstract A German translation of abstract is freely available at. In view of decreasing fertility in men, these models will therefore be a precious information source for human reproductive medicine. These genetically heterogeneous mouse models provide new insights into molecular and cellular mechanisms that enhance fertility. The fertility lines display female- as well as male-specific characteristics. We demonstrate that the two independently bred high-fertility mouse lines warranted their improved fertility phenotype using different molecular and physiological strategies. behavior in an open field and endurance fitness on a treadmill) were altered. body weight, accelerated puberty, and life expectancy), and behavioral parameters (e.g. serum testosterone concentrations in male animals), physiological parameters (e.g. Concomitantly with the increased fertility phenotype, several endocrine parameters (e.g. During this selection period, the number of offspring per litter and the total birth weight of the entire litter nearly doubled. These mouse lines were generated via selection over a time period of more than 40 years and 161 generations. This article summarizes data on two outbred mouse models exhibiting a 'high-fertility' phenotype. By contrast, animal models revealing an improved fertility phenotype are barely described. Worldwide, there are more than 400 transgenic or knockout mouse models available showing a reproductive phenotype almost all of them exhibit an infertile or at least subfertile phenotype. Langhammer, Martina Michaelis, Marten Hoeflich, Andreas Sobczak, Alexander Schoen, Jennifer Weitzel, Joachim MĪnimal models are valuable tools in fertility research. High-fertility phenotypes: two outbred mouse models exhibit substantially different molecular and physiological strategies warranting improved fertility.
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